Researchers from Udayana University and The Australian National University in collaboration with the Ministry of Health in Indonesia conducted an economic analysis of the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccination program in Bali Province, Indonesia, an area with one of the highest JE incidence levels in the country. The Indonesian Government initiated the JE vaccination campaign followed by a JE vaccine introduction program in Bali Province in 2018, and the program was fully integrated into the provincial routine immunization program in 2019.
This study is a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis comparing no vaccination to a JE vaccination campaign and introduction program, and a routine JE vaccination program from the societal and government perspectives. Costs and outcomes were estimated for three hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 children followed from birth to the age of 10 years, with impacts measured throughout the child’s life-time.
A routine JE immunization program was the most cost-effective strategy with a cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted of US$ 212.59 and US$ 94.09 from the government and societal perspectives respectively. In contrast, costs per DALYs averted through the JE vaccination campaign and introduction strategy were US$ 1,473.53 and US$ 1,224.20 from the government and societal perspectives respectively.
Both JE vaccination strategies were found to be cost-effective though they are not cost-saving when compared to no immunization program.
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