While Indonesia’s National Immunization Program (NIP) has achieved consistently high national vaccination coverage rates in the past, the COVID-19 pandemic and Gavi’s transition have created new pressures on immunization financing and delivery. Further, substantial regional variations persist, with rural and economically disadvantaged provinces experiencing coverage rates well below the national target of 95%. With an ambitious plan to introduce new vaccines while simultaneously recovering pandemic-impacted coverage rates, ensuring sustainable immunization financing has become increasingly critical.
In 2024, ThinkWell conducted a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s immunization financing landscape through its Sustainable Immunization Financing (SIF) initiative. This brief examines how Indonesia’s decentralized health system affects immunization financing whereby the national government provides the majority of funding through intergovernmental transfers while subnational governments vary in their ability to effectively utilize these resources. The analysis identifies key bottlenecks in areas such as public financial management, local government capacity to prioritize immunization spending, and an underutilized private sector that could help expand service delivery. Drawing from global best practices and Indonesia’s experience, this document provides evidence-based recommendations for strengthening immunization financing at both national and subnational levels, with targeted solutions for improving budget absorption, building local capacity, and enhancing public-private partnerships.
Any organization or individual working in the field of immunization economics can submit findings, opportunities, calls to action, or other relevant work below to be shared with our community.