A systematic review update covering literature from 2011 to 2020 identified 44 articles (representing 34 unique studies) on integrating maternal and child health (MCH) services with childhood immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)—notably, 85% of studies were conducted in Africa. The linked services most frequently examined were family planning (24%), HIV-related services (21%), and malaria prevention/control (21%). Integration strategies commonly involved co-locating services (65%), providing additional services during immunization (41%), and offering extra information or counselling (41%). The review found that integrated approaches generally improved MCH outcomes (76%) and were either beneficial (55%) or neutral (35%) for immunization coverage, though a few cases showed no added benefit or mixed results.
The study underscores that successful integration depends heavily on thoughtful implementation design. Critical enablers include aligning target populations and service needs, ensuring adequate training and support to prevent overburdening staff, securing consistent logistics and privacy infrastructure, and addressing community perceptions and client preferences. While integrated services can advance the goals of the Immunization Agenda 2030 by increasing efficiency and expanding coverage, the authors highlight ongoing evidence gaps—particularly around cost-effectiveness, client preferences, and applicability beyond Africa and children under two years—making these key priorities for future research.
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