Nina Schwalbe, PhD, MPH, is the CEO and founder of Spark Street Advisors, a global public health think tank established in 2016 that focuses on policy and strategy.  Nina has held senior roles at Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, UNICEF, the Open Society Institute, and led USAID’s COVID-19 Vaccine Access and Delivery Initiative. She is a Senior Scholar at Georgetown’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. She holds degrees from Harvard, Columbia, and the University of the Witwatersrand . She has published frequently in The Washington Post, Financial Times, The Atlantic, The BMJ, and The Lancet and appeared as a guest on BBC, NPR, and Deutsche Welle (DW), among others.  

Schwalbe, N., Hanbali, L., Nunes, M. C., & Lehtimaki, S. (2022). Use of financial incentives to increase adult vaccination coverage: a narrative review of lessons learned from COVID-19 and other adult vaccination efforts. Vaccine: X, 12, 100225.