Informing the development of transmission modelling guidance for global immunization decision-making: A qualitative needs assessment

This peer-reviewed article  presents a qualitative needs assessment to inform the development of WHO guidance on the use of transmission modelling for immunization decision-making. The study draws on 15 in-depth interviews with immunization decision-makers and modelers across all WHO regions, using a framework analysis approach to identify how modelling is used, barriers to its application, and user needs.

Key findings

• Use of transmission modelling varies widely across settings, with more experienced users applying models systematically, while others have limited or no use
• Decision-makers with less modelling experience reported low confidence in interpreting and applying modelled evidence
• Key barriers include limited technical expertise, resource constraints, and challenges in translating model outputs into policy-relevant insights
• Participants highlighted the need for capacity strengthening and localized application of modelling to increase confidence and relevance
• Less experienced users emphasized the importance of ongoing engagement with knowledge brokers and access to training
• There is strong demand for practical guidance to support interpretation and use of modelling in immunization policy and programme decisions

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