Standardized country-level delivery unit cost estimates for routine childhood, routine adolescent, and campaign vaccination: an updated modeling analysis

This preprint paper presents an updated modeling analysis of standardized country-level immunization delivery unit costs for routine childhood, routine adolescent, and campaign vaccination across low- and middle-income countries. Using Bayesian meta-regression and data from the 2024 Immunization Delivery Cost Catalogue, the study generates 2024 country-specific estimates of economic and financial cost per dose for different delivery modalities. 

Key findings 

• The analysis included 142 observations for routine childhood vaccination, 63 for routine adolescent vaccination, and 113 for campaign vaccination.
• For 2024, the population-weighted mean economic cost per dose across all LMICs was estimated at $5.86 for routine childhood vaccination, $17.65 for routine adolescent vaccination, and $3.13 for campaign vaccination.
• Corresponding financial cost per dose estimates were $3.02 for routine childhood vaccination, $10.08 for routine adolescent vaccination, and $1.79 for campaign vaccination.
• Delivery costs varied substantially across countries, delivery modalities, and costing perspectives.
• Routine adolescent vaccination had the highest estimated per-dose delivery cost across modalities, while campaign vaccination had the lowest population-weighted average cost per dose.

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