Acceptance and the willingness to pay for human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine: A systematic review

This peer-reviewed review article synthesizes global evidence on acceptance and willingness to pay for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. The authors conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of studies published between 2015 and 2025, drawing on PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and included 35 quantitative studies from countries across Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, and other regions. 

Key findings

• The 35 included studies covered diverse populations, including parents, mothers, university students, healthcare workers, men, and women living with HIV.
• China contributed the largest number of studies, followed by Nigeria and Vietnam.
• The proportion of respondents expressing willingness to pay ranged from 52.68% in lower-middle-income countries to 65.38% in low-income countries, although the authors note that price points differed across studies.
• Mean willingness to pay was highest in upper-middle-income countries, but estimates varied widely and were influenced by outliers.
• Knowledge, positive attitudes, higher education, household income, trust, and awareness of cervical cancer were commonly associated with higher willingness to pay.
• Cost remained a major barrier, while vaccine effectiveness, safety, duration of protection, location, and convenience shaped preferences.

Thumbnail image credit: Gavi